AsiaYouthMedia 亚青传媒 sinazen.com
繁华金缕衣缤纷少年时昨日雏凤声今夕南朝诗-惆怅读商隐奈何吟牧之古城望愈远新春盼更迟
CategoryIndexes 分类目录:-Singapore Social社会 Life文化 历史History
Search:click http://search.sinazen.com - add search words to google window
Recent updates: new.sinazen.com < > News search page: news.sinazen.com
NewChinaLiterature
80后新文学 post 80s new chinese literature
阮宗光著
| 八零少年气盖世，单笔造车洛阳纸 身段玲珑能做秀，心思淡薄不成诗 愁眉多作迎市场，清颜强辩挽粉丝 东风不予周郎便，春水一江更向西 |
我以这件事开头来谈80后新文学，读者可能觉得很不妙。性爱内容其实在80后文学中占的比重不多，因为其对象主要是十几岁的学生，作者们自己也是1980年以后出生的青年。但如果我给你的印象是80后文学非常以自我为中心，那就相当准确了。
80后一代作者出生的时候，文革已是历史，64时有的还没进小学，成熟的时候已经是开放，去政治化，拼命赚钱的时候。他们眼里看到的是广告炒作，笑贫不笑娼的例子； 老一辈自己做事方法，并不给他们什么道德的启发。抽象的思想概念对他们更是完全空洞。对人生社会的认识他们缺乏经验，但对自己的心理感受，他们是很注意的，因为他们大多数是独子，而家里通常是父母都有工作，所以每人都是一方面得到疼爱，一方面又很孤独。
80后文学之前已经有卫慧九丹等人的上海宝贝乌鸦之类的“美女写作”，奠定了某种的开放趋向。到了春树的时候，也许大家已经看腻了美女要换换口味，不那么美的女孩性爱经验也引起兴趣，所以这类文学必须改名称作“身体写作”。
80后的少年们是中国开放的受益者；成年一辈开放后忙着谋生，连看书的时间也没了，但中学生还没这个问题，所以写给少年看的书反而比给大人看的书更有市场。80后写手出的作品也许没什么思想，没什么概念，甚至连配个完整的故事，也比不上五四时代给鲁迅大骂的蝴蝶鸳鸯派，但它符合了新中国的一个潮流，满足了大批读者的需要，是不能说它没有文化社会价值的，因为它本身就是一种文化，就是表现了社会未来主人翁的价值。
80后主流作者中，有三位是大家公认的顶尖人物：韩寒，郭敬明和张悦然。韩寒把自己在学校中的生活经验写成小说“三重门”，再用武侠小说的方式写出“长安寒”，两本都非常畅销令他成为名人，然后他就封闭转行做赛车司机。郭敬明把一些日本漫画故事拿来中国化变成校园故事，也是非常畅销，不过因此开始为了赚钱变得荒不择食，自己心中为题材就拿了别人的小说改写，结果被原著作者庄羽告上法庭被令赔赏20万。但他虽然付了钱，却为了在自己的粉丝面前维持形象拒不道歉。他的粉丝们还攻击庄羽借郭的名声替自己炒作，结果引起了张悦然重炮攻击他和他的粉丝道德低落，而韩寒和他的粉丝又跟上来攻郭娘娘腔和他的粉丝头脑不灵。拥张派，拥韩派和拥郭派由7月初开始一阵混战，到今天还没平息。
早些时候，张悦然和郭敬明被称为80后的金童玉女，是上海春风出版社同时出两人作品做宣传时起头的，张本人一直说自己不认同，不过她喜欢打扮拍照，又出了两本照片比字多的书（红鞋和你来检阅我的忧伤了吗？），很难避免一个“嘴里不说心里喜欢”的印象。两人除了这类宣传场合，文学界偶尔有些座谈会之类的活动也会同地露露面。比如05年的代际讨论会
http://bbs.99read.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=18&ID=19279&page=1
张又有替郭的“幻城”写序。所以他们闹翻是相当出人意料的。说郭应该为抄袭道歉，没什么可争论的；说80后一代道德观念混乱，也差不多。不过似乎张悦然文中把这件事提得太高了，要把80后一代的深重罪孽都让郭敬明来承受，方向就有问题，看得他太高了，他向庄羽道个谦，不见得就能影响整代人的思想。以天下为己任的想法是对的，但这件抄袭的事其实只是件小事，用上来是过度了。社会需要个人作一时的典范，但更需要的是一套长期运作的机制逐渐提高整个社会的道德观。张悦然在郭敬明这件事长久沉默，突然在他四面楚歌的时候重炮攻击，是老谋深算，或因为郭不舍得为萌芽50周年纪念刊写些东西有所概愤，还是以前怕得罪人等时机有利得到鼓励才做出来，我们无法判断，只能够说，无论是用改进社会的大道理来看，还是帮助朋友改进的私人眼光看，她的处理方法并不理想。但她只是一个23岁的女孩，我们也只好体谅她阅历有限不能深责。
不久以前韩寒已经有同以前很推动80后文学的白烨大闹，起头虽是因为白烨褒郭贬韩（大概是郭敬明同他有些合作），又讲了些意思是“你们要前辈捧过才在文坛有地位”的话，弄到韩寒大发脾气，但韩也未免太嚣张。骂人骂得客气些含蓄些，不但旁人不那么反感，受的人也不那么容易反驳。
郭敬明拿了别人的作品来改写，固然有其逼不得已之处，但当初大可以跟原作者打个招呼，甚至请人家来作跋说如何高兴有机会启发了下一代作家等等，自己在序中大谈如何仰望前辈等等，大家得到些媒体曝光，也能在大人小孩两个不同市场中各取所需。哪安妮娃娃和许晴“爱情火拼”事件，无论开始是哪一个的错，不必弄得这么难看。他为自己模仿，不道歉，萌芽50周年刊拒写几件事狡辩都是顾此失彼，比方说不替萌芽写是没时间，那就是说有比给萌芽投稿更要紧更值钱的事要做，在粉丝面前或能交待维持形象，别人那里不行， 所以圈内圈外对他的反应越来越两极化。
其实更早些安妮宝贝也是用了外国作家如Duras之类作品中国化。这些方法开头的人赚到了，占据了市场，以后很难再跟，所以新一堆的80后作者都有些闹饥荒。有一位也是那一代的记者何江波批评张悦然的话流传得相当广。他把80后一代缺乏自知之明的通病表现得清清楚楚：说张悦然借郭提高自己人气，妒嫉郭销路比她高，多管闲事，那么何江波是不是自己多管闲事，借张提高自己人气，妒嫉张销路比他高呢?总之看到的都是年轻人不懂事的例子。80后其实很快开始走下坡，
http://dskb.hangzhou.com.cn/20050801/ca1116563.htm
再经过内部这次大闹，现在已经到了不可收拾的地步了
added on 28 Sept 2007: 郭敬明被纳入作家协会,又引起一大堆争议,不过我对中国的事情见怪不怪,懒得评论了,不过这段文章值得kan
◇◇新语丝(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)◇◇The above Time Magazine China Edition cover for 2 February 2004 shows the female (yes!) author Chun Shu (春树 Spring Tree), nicknamed Beijing Doll (yes!) 北京娃娃 who wrote a best seller describing her sexual experiences after dropping out of college. This may not sound like a promising start to a discussion of New Chinese Literature, but is nevertheless a fairly informative one. The openness and freedom of Chinese society have a rather limited base. It might suit the Time Magazine reporters to call Chun Shu a "radical", but by and large, the new literature is concerned with personal issues - navel gazing rather than expressions of broader cultural ideas.
中国作家的尊严成为一种奢侈
西风独自凉
9月的大陆文坛分外热闹，可悲的是这种热闹不在于创作的繁荣和作品艺术质量的提高
，而是风乍起、吹皱一池死水：
先是作协主席铁凝在给贾平凹主编的《美文》杂志题词的时候，“茂”字里面多写了一
“点”，草字头下面的“戊”变成了“戍”，成为《康熙字典》也没有收录的一个错
字。人非圣贤，知错就改也不失为一桩文坛佳话。可是，刚刚荣升地方作协主席的贾平
凹却为领导鸣不平，认为在书法中，多一笔少一笔很正常，不能算错别字。
曲学阿世、溜须拍马在中国文坛由来已久，比起郭沫若来，贾平凹一定会自愧不如。郭
沫若曾这样评论毛泽东的诗词和书法：“主席并无心成为诗家或词家，但他的诗词却成
了诗词的顶峰。主席更无心成为书家，但他的墨迹却成了书家的顶峰。例如以这首《清
平乐》的墨迹而论，‘黄粱’写作‘黄梁’，无心中把粱字简化了。龙岩多写了一个龙
字。‘分田分地真忙’下没有句点。这就是随意挥洒的证据。然而这幅字写得多么生
动、多么潇洒、多么磊落。每一个字和整个篇幅都充满着豪放不羁的气韵。在这里给我
们从事文学艺术的人，乃至从事任何工作的人，一个深刻的启示。那就是人的因素第
一、政治工作第一、思想工作第一、抓活的思想第一，'四个第一'原则，极其灵活地、
极其具体地呈现在了我们眼前。”
于是，毛的这些失误和硬伤经过郭沫若的巧言令饰化做两个顶峰，且上升到了“四个第
一”的政治高度，堪称马屁之王。好在来日方长，贾平凹只要潜心研究、刻苦学习，赶
超前辈并非没有可能。
接着，在王蒙等著名作家的联名力荐下，因抄袭败诉陪钱又拒不道歉的郭敬明，被中国
作协破格批准加入协会，舆论顿时一片哗然。中国作协主席团成员陆天明认为这是对作
协的侮辱，中国作协不是选道德模范，但也不能是小偷的天下，不能是贼的团体。郭敬
明抄袭了，如果他愿意改正，那么还可以考虑，但他没有认错，这个小偷的认错态度不
好。
郭敬明最好最出名的作品居然是抄来的----在一个心智健全、道德评价体系完备的社会
，在败诉后仍然拒绝道歉的他会受到全社会的鄙夷。在中国，他居然还有粉丝，奥卖糕
的，这不是一大群屎壳郎在推着一个臭不可闻的垃圾在往前滚动吗？ 我们的社会怎么
了？我们的教育出了什么问题？怎么会弄出这么多不以为耻、反以为荣的屎壳郎出来？
一个作家可以抄袭，可以踏越职业生命的最后底线，居然还有这么多屎壳郎在为他摇旗
呐喊！可以加入国家级别的行业协会！
傅国涌指出：“三年前，两个湖南老作家余开伟、黄鹤逸公开声明退出湖南省作家协
会。山西作家李锐公开宣布辞去山西省作协副主席职务，放弃今后山西省作协换届的选
举权和被选举权，并同时退出中国作协，放弃中国作协会员资格，把中国作协的会员证
退寄给中国作协。武汉作家、《如焉@sars.come》的作者胡发云以写给湖北省作协的《
一点说明及备忘录》，悄悄退出了武汉、湖北、中国三级作协。在他们之前，也已经有
一些作家宣布退出作协，比如王力雄2001年就公开声明退出中国作家协会。”
余开伟先生说“退出是为了尊严”。啊，尊严，在与小偷为伍的时候，作家的尊严是多
么奢侈！
(XYS20070928)
The predecesor of Chun Shu's particular literary genus was the Pretty Women Literature美女文学 from the previous decade, of which the best known representative was Wei Hui 卫慧, author of Shanghai Babe 上海宝贝. Chun Shu represented a new twist in the road forward, since she could hardly be considered an example of the soft, pretty babe. One might say that readers had by her time seen enough good looking girls' sexual exploits and wanted a change, so that she turned out to be the right person for the right time. In fact, a new name, Body Writing 身体写作, had to be invented for the genus to replace the no longer so applicable name of Pretty Woman Literature.
It would however be unfair to give the impression that New Chinese Literature is all about sex; far from it, in fact only a small part, for which the readers were mostly young adults. Adults are, however, very busy making a living in today's open Chinese economy and have relatively little time to read books, and what little time available is more likely to be spent on sensational stuff, which explains the dominance of Pretty Woman Literature. On the other hand, teenagers and beginning college students now constitute a much larger book reading audience: they have more time than the adults and, benefitting from the new economy, they also have more pocket money than youths used to have. These readers, and the authors who cater to them, were born after 1980, hence the expression Post 80s Generation.
The births of this generation occurred long after Cultural Revolution had receded into history, and some of them were not yet in primary school when tanks rolled into Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. By the time they began to mature, it was already the era of the open economy, with money playing the dominant social role that ideology used to fulfil. With neither traditions (the Humpty-Dumpty shattered by Cultural Revolution, which could not be put back together afterwards) nor ideologies to guide them, the generation finds it hard to look beyond oneself, and their literature is expectently self-focused. (See below for links to some examples.)
Of the authors three names stand out, Han Han 韩寒, Guo Jingming 郭敬明 and Zhang Yueran 张悦然, all of them getting their writing career start as winners of the New Concept 新概念Writing Contest organized by the Mengya (萌芽 Seedling) Magazine of Shanghai, a periodical catering to youth literature. Han and Guo both wrote best sellers but have both been embroiled in controversy. Guo was accused of plagialism involving some Japanese picture story books and a couple of Chinese authors, with one lawsuit resulting in an award of RMB$200,000 to the plaintiff.
Han stopped writing after finishing just a couple of books to become a professional racing car driver, but was engaged in an extended and highly abusive attack on the literary critic Bai Ye 白烨 after the latter wrote a blog article about Post 80s Literature which contained a couple of mildly negative comments on Han - it is probable that Han was incensed because the article was highly positive on Guo, not even bothering to mention the plagialism matter at all. By mobilizing his fans to flame Bai's blog on sina.com.cn, Han drove Bai into closing the blog in a hasty retreat; however, while Han won the round, he has probably severely damaged himself for the longer term, as well as harming the prospects of future teen prodigies: all the old/middle aged authors/critics/ publishers would think twice about how a young author, whose success they promote, would one day use his/her newly acquired resources to repay them.
The senior literature circles have a much more positive image of Zhang Yueran, who happens to be a struggling undergrad student in our department since 2002. I myself have written a discussion of her in this blog (in Chinese)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-XIIfDzQobqO5oCYM9UTvZzgKHH4Org--?cq=1&p=84
as well as translating several of her essays and stories
Translation of 10 essays
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-XIIfDzQobqO5oCYM9UTvZzgKHH4Org--?cq=1&p=77
Translation of Zhang Yueran's 张悦然 Peachblossom Salvation 桃花救赎
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-XIIfDzQobqO5oCYM9UTvZzgKHH4Org--?cq=1&p=59
Translation of Zhang Yueran's 张悦然 Sunflower 葵花
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-XIIfDzQobqO5oCYM9UTvZzgKHH4Org--?cq=1&p=58
Translation of Zhang Yueran's 张悦然 Story Xiaoran 小染
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-XIIfDzQobqO5oCYM9UTvZzgKHH4Org--?cq=1&p=57
Translation of short story by Zhang Yueran (张悦然）
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-XIIfDzQobqO5oCYM9UTvZzgKHH4Org--?cq=1&p=9
in which some rather ambivalent comments on her can also be found. My joke on Sleeping Beauty, making the comment that today's girls grow up too fast, is also related:
永久女孩
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-XIIfDzQobqO5oCYM9UTvZzgKHH4Org--?cq=1&p=6
While Zhang is very different from Chun Shu, some of her books are half text and half pictures of herself, while promotional material and journalists' reports refer to her as the Jade Girl Authoress 玉女作家, a cleaner and more innocent version of Pretty Woman Authoress. Since 2005 she has been writing a novel containing her impressions of Singapore and Southeast Asia generally, but with numerous distractions due to her celebrity status and frequent travel, progress has been slow, in contrast to her productivity in 2003/4. In July 2006 she suddenly wrote a web article attacking Guo's refusal to apologize for his plagialism and the moral failure showned by his fans who defend him, with Han soon joining in. The supporters of the three then started quarrelling in all the various websites about them, which has at this moment not ended.
In fact, the market for post 80s literature has already gone into decline
http://dskb.hangzhou.com.cn/20050801/ca1116563.htm
because of the lack of new ideas. With these major controversies, it seems unlikely that the phenomenon will be able to remake itself.
| counter |
八十后 bashihou.com post-80s.com
张悦然的新书 http 张悦然，韩寒，郭敬明的不归路 http 我认识张悦然 http 张悦然纸鸢记 http Translation of Zhang Yueran's The Highbrow, Please Die First (张悦然 高贵的请先死去） http Translation of 10 Zhang Yueran 张悦然 Essays http Translation of Zhang Yueran's 张悦然 Peachblossom Salvation 桃花救赎 http Translation of Zhang Yueran's 张悦然 Sunflower 葵花 http Translation of Zhang Yueran's 张悦然 Story Xiaoran 小染 http 诗24首 http 新诗五首 http 菊花教主郭敬明 http 金童玉女 http 玉女心经 http 80后青年作家协会 http 孤独的作者 http 80后的道德问题 http 临老入花丛 - 中国文坛和80后 http 张悦然的新书到底是什么名？http
